What to make of the November election—potential implications for high-yield investors

• The November US elections for the offices of the president, House of Representatives, and Senate remain close and difficult to predict.
• A Republican or Democratic sweep in the elections presents the most risks and opportunities, but some sectors could also be impacted under a divided government.  
• Despite the potential tailwinds and headwinds, we believe individual security selection and focus on quality companies remain central to portfolio performance.
• Opportunities arise from potential challenges. Skilled active high-yield (HY) managers are well positioned to help investors make this evaluation.  

The outcome of the US elections in November remains tough to predict and it is likely to involve some close contests. We believe, however, that investors can position effectively by being aware of certain themes and probabilities. While the highest-probability scenario right now looks like a divided government, where no one party controls the House, the Senate, and the executive branch (president), sweep scenarios (where one party takes them all) cannot be ruled out. The Senate seems likely to flip back to Republican control due to a tough electoral map for the Democrats this time, but even that race will likely be close. Sweep scenarios present the most risks and opportunities for investors, while divided government could keep more ambitious partisan changes in check. Regardless of the outcome, fiscal policy changes (or the lack of), including the extension or modification of the 2017 Tax Cuts & Jobs Act (TCJA), will be important to monitor and are likely to dominate the 2025 agenda regardless of who becomes the president.

While it might seem natural to think that elections could cause HY investors to dial up their risk-off sentiments, in recent contests the HY market has performed well during the post-election period. Looking back at past elections, there has certainly been volatility in the weeks before and after the election itself. However, when we look six months post-election, the Bloomberg Barclays HY Index returns have been positive in five out of the last six elections. While a similar outcome remains possible again with this year’s election, 2025 is a year with some unique dynamics for investors to consider.

We expect some industries to be more heavily impacted than others from a Republican sweep scenario. Possible beneficiaries include the airline industry, which could experience a tailwind from potential roll-back of certain regulations and disclosure requirements. Financial services is another notable sector that could ride the tailwind from reduced regulatory risk for additional capital or consumer protections.

The automotive industry could benefit from more flexibility as a result of a rollback in electric vehicle mandates. If a Republican administration institutes a more industry-friendly Federal Trade Commission or Federal Communications Commission, parts of the telecom or cable industries could also benefit.

Conversely, there are industries we expect to be more at risk in a Republican sweep. For example, consumer products and construction machinery businesses that import finished products and components from China as part of the supply chain could be heavily impacted, should tariffs on Chinese imports be raised.

Moreover, a Trump administration could let enhanced subsidies for health care exchanges lapse to help pay for the tax cut extensions, which would be a headwind for portions of the health care sector.

Similarly, in the event of a Democratic sweep, we expect some industries to be more impacted than others. For example, the renewable energy and electric vehicle industry is likely to experience a tailwind as support for the energy transition would likely continue under a Democratic administration. Also, the extension of Affordable Care Act subsidies under the Harris administration bodes well for the health care sector.

Conversely, we believe certain other industries could be more at risk in a Democratic sweep scenario. The pharmaceutical sector could experience headwinds from Democrats seeking to expand drug price negotiations. Vice President Harris has talked tough about price controls on food and grocery; thus, the food and beverage sector could be negatively impacted. Democrat support for increased minimum wages could also result in headwinds for restaurant and retail industries.  

We expect certain industries to be impacted regardless of the outcome in the November elections. For example, both parties agree that housing affordability and supply are fundamental issues and are discussing initiatives related to housing and homebuilding. These policies could skew neutral or slightly positive for the sector, although the path of mortgage rates will be an important determinant of affordability. Portions of the aerospace and defense sector could benefit as both Republican and Democratic party leaders appear united in increasing defense spending.

As alluded to previously, we expect a partial extension of the 2017 TCJA regardless of the US presidential election outcome, which would worsen the fiscal deficit. Furthermore, neither presidential candidate plans on reining in fiscal spending and details on raising taxes remain scant, which are the only two fiscal levers that can be used to keep the deficit in check.

The need to fund this deficit year after year leads to upward pressure on increasing bond supply, which tends to push bond prices down and interest rates up for a given level of demand. On the inflation front, there is a concern that if the Federal Reserve (Fed) were to cut interest rates too aggressively, the economy could be stimulated to a point where inflationary pressure reassert itself. Simply put, persistent deficit and potential re-emergence of inflationary concerns matter because they affect the Fed’s ability to cut interest rates as the economy slows. Consequently, although the Fed has initiated a 50-basis point rate cut, we expect the Fed to be more measured in reducing rates going forward. Past experience suggests that financial markets will push for more easing than the Fed plans to deliver, especially as a number of investors still expect rates to revert to the extremely low post-global-financial-crisis levels. We therefore believe additional bouts of market volatility lie ahead as investors will probably overreact to economic data, increasing the potential for subsequent disappointments. In our view, active managers with extensive risk management experience are better positioned to help investors assess market volatilities and risk mitigation measures.